Treatment Options For Kidney Stones Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

When ESWL isn't effective, or the stone is very large, a surgeon may remove the kidney stone through a small incision in the back using an instrument called a nephroscope. General anesthesia is used, and patients usually stay in the hospital for one to two days, with additional recovery time of one to two weeks.

The nephroscope is inserted through the back of the kidney. The urologist then inserts an ultrasonic probe or laser through the nephroscope to break up the stones and extract them. All stones and fragments are removed through the nephroscope during the procedure; none are left to pass through the urinary tract.

Mayo Clinic doctors performed the first percutaneous ultrasonic stone removal in the United States in 1981, and soon hundreds of patients were coming to Mayo for the procedure. Experienced Mayo Clinic urologists have a 95 percent success rate in clearing all stones with percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Mayo physicians recommend this surgery for people whose jobs or health conditions require that they be stone-free -- for example, a heavy-equipment operator or airline pilot. In these professions, sudden pain due to passing stone fragments would put the person and others in danger, so a procedure to remove all stone pieces is necessary.

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